Table 1. Total Economic Activity in Tourism Industries, 1997 GRSM
|
Sales ($millions) |
Jobs |
Personal Income ($millions) |
Total Income ($millions) |
Value Added ($ millions) |
Hotels and Lodging places |
330 |
6,499 |
128 |
175 |
196 |
Eating & Drinking |
406 |
10,915 |
151 |
185 |
214 |
Recreation/ Entertainment |
186 |
4,781 |
65 |
91 |
96 |
Retail Trade |
770 |
21,352 |
379 |
481 |
606 |
Local Tansp. & Auto |
98 |
1,328 |
30 |
46 |
50 |
Tourism Industry Total |
1,789 |
44,875 |
752 |
979 |
1,162 |
Centre 1992-2013 |
9,856 |
134,957 |
3,043 |
4,667 |
5,043 |
percent |
18% |
33% |
25% |
21% |
23% |
GRSM Region consists of six counties: Blount, Cocke and Sevier, TN and Graham, Haywood and Swain, NC.
SOURCE: IMPLAN, 1997 county data files.
Table 2. Total Economic Activity From Tourists, 1977 GRSM Region($ millions)
Sector |
Tourism Sales ($ millions) |
Jobs |
Personal Income ($ millions) |
Total Income ($ millions) |
Value addes ($ millions) |
TI Ratio |
Hotels And Lodging places |
314 |
6, 190 |
122 |
167 |
187 |
90% |
Eating & Drinking |
203 |
5, 458 |
75 |
92 |
107 |
50% |
Recreation/ Entertainment |
102 |
2, 653 |
36 |
50 |
53 |
54% |
Retail Trade |
119 |
3,313 |
59 |
75 |
94 |
16% |
Local Transp.& Auto |
17 |
245 |
5 |
8 |
8 |
30% |
Total |
755 |
17, 858 |
297 |
392 |
449 |
|
The TI ratio represents the portion of Sales in a given industry to tourists. Tourism sales in a given industry may be estimated by multiplying the TI ratio in Table 2 by total sales in Table 1.
Economic Impact of Park Visitors- The MGM2 model
The money Generation Model(MGM2) is used to estimate spending and economic impacts of park visitors. MGM2 estimates total visitor spending by multiplying the number of visitors(expressed in party nights in the area) by per day/ night spending between day by visitors, campers, and visitors staying in area hotels. Spending is estimated in 12 spending categories and then applied to an input –output model of the area economy to translate spending into associated income and jobs and also to estimate secondary effects (stynes and Prosst, 2000).
There are three primary inputs to the MGM2 model: (1) Visits, (2) Spending, and (3) Multipers.
Visits
Great smoky Mts Np reported Just under 10 million recreation visits in 1997 including 487, 780 overnight stays in the park(Table 3). Park visits were convertes to party nights in the area by visitor segment by applying average party size, length of stay and re-entry factors to the visitation and overnight stay data.
Table 3. Great Smoky Mt.Np park visits, 1997
Visitor Segment |
Recreation Visits |
Pct of visits |
Party Nights in Area |
Pct of party nights |
Local day trip |
1,438, 993 |
14% |
478, 315 |
12% |
NL day trip |
2,110, 523 |
21% |
578,183 |
14% |
Motel-IN |
10, 758 |
0% |
5,379 |
0% |
Camp-IN |
335, 733 |
3% |
123,593 |
3% |
Backcountry |
25, 296 |
0% |
53,122 |
1% |
Motel-out |
5,276,308 |
53% |
2,428,369 |
60% |
Camp-Out |
383,732 |
4% |
196,232 |
5% |
VFR |
383,732 |
4% |
205,190 |
5% |
Total |
9,965,075 |
100% |
4,068, 383 |
100% |
Park visitor Spent Just over 4 million party nights in the region in 1997. The largest segment(60% party nights) is visitors staying outside the park in hotels, motels, cabins, B&B’s and other commercial lodging(Motel-out). Campers represent 8% of party nights, 5% outside the park and 3% inside.